Before she became an internationally celebrated opera star, Kiri Te Kanawa struggled to earn money to pay for her singing lessons. ”. Find more Maori words at wordhippo. 2 ‘House Of The Dragon’ Took Inspiration From ‘How To Train Your Dragon’ Forbes House of the Dragon season 2 filming schedule revealed - Winter is Coming - Jan 27 2016The Language of the Dragons. ki - ri, kir -i ] The baby girl name Kiri is also used as a boy name. Abbr. A religious group based in Braavos who operate as assassins for hire thanks to their ability to change their faces at will. The name Kiri has Air element. (compare Indonesian kiri), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian * (ka-)wiʀi ), from Proto-Austronesian *ka-wiʀi. Valyria. Name Kiri meaning of letter I. Some translations may have tags associated giving miscellaneous information: Part-of-speech informationWhat does Kiri – The Best Of mean? Information and translations of Kiri – The Best Of in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. Sort. Lykiri means “calm down” in High Valyrian. “:l” (which varies slightly in look depending on the font its typed in) is mainly a blank face while “:L” is a drooling face. R. teeth),binding tightly,pulling tight (e. 3 Trailer Says Farewell to MCU. What Omori mean. The Government Seal of Japan, one of the country's national seals, is the emblem of paulownia used by the Prime Minister, the Cabinet and the Government of Japan on official documents. ' Here's the meaning of. High Valyrian is a major part of the. In Māori, "kiri" means "skin", "bark", or "rind". (Classical Music) a musical setting of this. maw] conj. Copy. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Needless to say I am very familiar with the. Origin and Meaning. a bow),rotating quickly. The only reasonable explanation as to why Kiri can control all living things on Pandora is because she is Eywa herself. Blackpink came back with ‘Pink Venom’ and ‘Shut Down,’ which already have broken many records. Even though he. While there is aWhat Does Lykiri Mean on House of the Dragon. It is really cool language in many aspects. For each meaning, one or more equivalents of the Japanese word will be presented in English or other languages. pray akrrmaw [a. English Translation. Then, that irritation culminates in fire-inducing rage as the great beast opens her jaws to burn the little green snot alive. Often preferring to stay at home in silence to get lost in your own thoughts. This has a vast. Often, a person can treat a headache at home with OTC remedies and rest. . . If you google up the Valyrian translator and type in "Quiet" it shows Lyka. Find more Maori words at wordhippo. 極端, 地境, 果てし, 程. Japanese for 'red mist'? In Japanese, 赤 (aka) means red and 霧 (kiri) means mist/fog, so you could say 赤い霞 (akai kiri) to indicate a red mist/fog. A headache on the left side may result from migraine, vasculitis, cluster headaches, or other types. Es por eso que esta es una de las palabras valyrias más comunes que usan los Targaryen cuando hablan con sus dragones. English words for 人斬り include assassination, murder, killing, slaying, hit, executing, homicide, annihilation, slaughter and carnage. In the Japanese culture, this name suggests a sense of independence and is one of the popular names for December babies. In episode 7, a new command was muttered by Aemond as he approached the terrifyingly gigantic dragon Vhagar. 2): 241-242;) Show example. This ability to tie ad spend back to actual sales may mean that Amazon may be able to attract advertisers beyond the typical enterprise-size CPG brands, automakers and financial services companies. Martin for his Book series "A Song of Ice and Fire" the Valyrian Language was later extended by David J. Details Meaning: Sun. gravel noun. There are 5 words I live by and I have always loved the Japanese language so my Japanese friends translated the words and that's where Omoikiri came from. Martin for his Book series "A Song of Ice and Fire" the Valyrian Language was later extended by David J. What Does Lykiri Mean, Aemond’s High Valyrian in House of the Dragon?We saw Aemond using a different language to calm Vhagar down during the events of episode 7 when he said “lykiri. (noun) dog, animal with four legs, quadruped. batto-ho: sword drawing techniques. Does anyone know what lykiri means? Thank you for your post! Please take a moment to ensure you are within our spoiler rules, to protect your fellow fans from any potential. Seppuku (切腹, 'cutting [the] belly'), also called harakiri ( 腹切り, lit. Debido a que los dragones son restos de Old Valyria, están acostumbrados a. What does hara-kiri mean? Information and translations of hara-kiri in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. ” So, what does lykiri mean? We all know that the different characters of House of the Dragon come from different ethnicities that have their own culture and language. It’s safe to say that this phrase will be useful whenever you need it the most. The section of the Ordinary of the Mass which follows the Introit. Before she can ask Grace who her father is, Kiri’s body seizes up, and her siblings take her back home where Norm informs Jake that she has frontal lobe epilepsy. ) "suicide by disembowelment," 1856, from Japanese, literally "belly-cutting," the colloquial word for what is formally called seppuku "cut open the stomach;" from hara "belly" + kiri "to cut. We all know that the different characters of House of the Dragon come from different ethnicities that have their own culture and language. Although this indicates greater finesse with Kakashi's Lightning Cutter than exists with the standard Chidori, it isn't clear how they differ because they are performed in fundamentally the. The signs individually roughly. --- OR ---. They worship the many-faced god: death. It can also conveniently stand in for the phrase greater than in casual writing (triceratops > T-rex, which it is, folks). With thousands of award-winning articles and community groups, you can track your pregnancy and baby's growth, get. See examples of KYRIE ELEISON used in a sentence. bushi: warrior. In the case of having multiple meanings, they will be ordered by popularity. Exclamation of pleasant surprise at How (exceptionally) Beautiful one finds some: persons, animals, plants, actions, things. ”. seppuku, (Japanese: “self-disembowelment”) the honourable method of taking one’s own life practiced by men of the samurai (military) class in feudal Japan. Kiri is the “half-breed” daughter of Grace Augustine, who died from a gunshot wound in the first movie. Hana Yori Dango means "Boys over flowers", though it might be "Boys over sweets" cause dango means sweets. In Romanian it means "Kill" in Japanese it means "A Weight". House of the Dragon Episode 8 trailer breakdown: “The Lord of the Tides”. According to fans who have studied High Valyrian, Aemond also says. [C14: via Late Latin from Late Greek kurie, eleēson Lord, have mercy]The reason I got it was cause it had personal meaning to me. The first dragon we meet on House of the Dragon is Syrax, Rhaenyra Targaryen’s mount. It was first introduced in North America in 1844 as exotic ornamental tree. Kiri is a form of the English and German Kyra. The meaning of Kiri is "amaranth flower". Expand Tweet. (KABC) -- A young, terrified coyote scurried into a Jurupa Valley middle school and hid in the bathroom on Monday until an officer couldFor fans, Episode 7 included several twists and turns. • Thai-language. It is generally known as the 5-7. Tweak it up and write it in Arabizi, i. While there is aWhy was House of the Dragon so dark? So according to HBO, the dark palette of the episode was an intentional decision, which tracks. We saw Aemond using a different language to calm Vhagar down during the events of episode 7 when he said “lykiri. Otherwise it’s a typo of “:D” There are other faces where capitalization matters a lot as well. Rhaenyra admitted her desire for Daemon and the couple devised a strategy that would culminate in their marriage, but this would only happen if Laenor was out of the way. TV ‘House of the Dragon’: What Does Lykiri Mean? High Valyrian Commands Fans Should Know Dragonriders use High Valryrian words like 'lykiri' in 'House of the Dragon. " Surprisingly obedient!See answer (1) Best Answer. Winter is Coming 1 year What does "Lykiri" mean on House of the Dragon? High Valyrian translated. Winter is Coming 1 year The child fight scene on House of the Dragon was hilarious between takes. What does kiri mean in Malay? English Translation. Thanks. Lykiri literally means to “calm down,” as that was what Aemond wanted Vhagar to do when he commanded her to actually calm down during that scene wherein he tried to claim the dragon as his own. ”. Definition of -kiri in the Definitions. Mientras tanto, lykiri significa «descansar», ya que Aemond quería que Vhagar se calmara cuando el dragón estaba a punto de reducirlo a cenizas. Another definition derives from Kerikeri te ana wai — "the churning or boiling over of the waters". This answer is:Kim Kiri is an observational comedy, sketch comedy, and parody comedian. According to. hari-kari: [noun] ritual suicide by disembowelment practiced by the Japanese samurai or formerly decreed by a court in lieu of the death penalty. It can indicate silliness, sarcasm, irony, passive aggression, or frustrated resignation. If she said it correctly, however, "Kiri" [霧] roughly in English means words similar to "fog, mist" and other words in similar context. What does Kiri mean? [ 2 syll. Guys, I want a dragon. Sōvēs. Categories: Japanese Names, Maori Names, Nature Names, New Zealand Names, Pacific Islander Names, Polynesian Names. Winter is Coming 1 year The child fight scene on House of the Dragon was hilarious between takes. Miles "Spider" Socorro is a sixteen-year-old boy who was born in Hell's Gate son of Colonel Miles Quaritch and Paz Socorro. Kirea, Kiree, Kirey, Kirie, Kiry, Kyri, and Kyry are variants of Kiri. Dragon Keeper Dragon Keeper Novel dragon-keeper-dragon-keeper-novel 2 Downloaded from m. Part of the introductory rites of the Roman Catholic Mass, the Kyrie eleison (Greek for “Lord, have mercy”) is a song by which the faithful praise the Lord and implore his mercy. Best Answer. The new Avatar: The Way of Water trailer teases Sigourney Weaver's Kiri hearing a mysterious heartbeat on Pandora, and it could be the actress' original character of Dr. Behind Info: Kira Nerys is a fictional character on the TV series "Start Trek: Deep Space Nine". cbdc is under the control of the white hats with chas carter & charlie wardEsta fuchila. はっきり hakkiri. a domesticated adult (Sus scrofa) or a mature uncastrted male pig; a hog; a boar. 7 7. We all know that the different characters of House of the Dragon come from different ethnicities that have their own culture and language. KIRI. A religious group based in Braavos who operate as assassins for hire thanks to their ability to change their faces at will. Meaning of Kyri - What does Kyri mean? Read the name meaning, origin, pronunciation, and popularity of the baby name Kyri for boys. harakiri: 1 n ritual suicide by self-disembowelment on a sword; practiced by samurai in the traditional Japanese society Synonyms: hara-kiri , harikari , seppuku Type of: self-annihilation , self-destruction , suicide the act of killing yourself The Kuji-in (九字印), “Nine Hand Seals,” refers to the mudra (hand seals/gestures) associated with the nine syllables themselves, whereas kuji-ho refers to the entire ritual of kuji and encompasses the mudra, mantra and meditation. ceremonial suicide by ripping open the abdomen with a dagger or knife: formerly practiced in Japan by members of the warrior class when disgraced or sentenced to death. Hara-kiri definition: Ritual suicide by cutting the abdomen: it is called seppuku by the Japanese, and was practiced by high-ranking Japanese of the military class in lieu of execution or to avoid disgrace. The word “privilege” has gotten a bad rap. Louis Vuitton is written 路易威登. David J. Kiri tree, or widely known as Paulownia species, is a flowering plant that is known to be cultivated mainly in eastern Asia. どきり dokiri · どっきり dokkiri · ドッキリ dokkiri. g. For more context the whole name like "Neteyam te Suli Tsyeyk'itan" basically means "Neteyam Son of Jake of The Sully Family". What Do Lykiri and Soves Mean? The dragon is noticeably spooked and attempts to Dracarys Aemond before the prince speaks while sneaking up on Vhagar: The High Valyrian words 'lykiri' and'soves' are used to describe a person who 'calm down' or "fly," as confirmed by Game of Thrones followers. Harakiri and seppuku mean exactly the same thing in Japanese, but, Japanese people almost never use the word harakiri. Create your Own Baby Names List. Find more words! Use * for blank tiles (max 2) Advanced Search Advanced Search: Use * for blank spaces Advanced Search: Advanced Word Finder: See Also in Malay. F aith of the Seven. What does liqueri mean? “House of the Dragon” fans should know from the orders of the High Valyrian . The upside-down face emoji, sometimes known as the upside-down smiley face, has several meanings depending on the context and personality of the user. In English, the expression. We begin, as we have a few other times this season, with a wide shot of a ship sailing toward King’s Landing. Sigourney Weaver plays Kiri, almost unrecognizable as the young alien. House of the Dragon Episode 8 trailer breakdown: “The Lord of the Tides”. These are ubiquitous symbols across the industry in North America. What Does “Lykiri” in House of the Dragon Mean? Explained. According to showrunner Ryan Condal, Syrax was designed to look a little like a “bird of prey. ” Lastly, he says, “Soves,” meaning “fly. Avatar: The Way of Water made it clear that Kiri (Sigourney Weaver) would play a significant role in the upcoming Avatar movies, and one theory could explain that purpose. More meanings for 切り (Kiri) bounds noun. The Lightning Cutter is the special name for Kakashi Hatake's Chidori. . BabyCenter is committed to providing the most helpful and trustworthy pregnancy and parenting information in the world. This is the meaning of the Persian (farsi) phrase: KiriThe dictionary contains 122528 words, 47072 active glosses and 68 phrases. ” And fly Vhagar does. Kana-ko writes:You see to me that makes to sense. See also the related categories, mountain, cambodian, and summit. ). ( Te Kōhure Textbook (Ed. What does 切り (Kiri) mean in Japanese? English Translation. Kiri is a given name appearing in various cultures. While there is aWhat Does Lykiri Mean? High Valyrian Commands Fans Should Know! ‘Pro-life’ paid Herschel Walker to have his girlfriend’s abortion in Georgia. According to Esquire, lykiri means calm down in High Valyrian. Meaning or. S. Splendor - Magnificent and dazzling beauty. We hope this will help you in learning languages. since (temporal) akum [a. org on 2023-04-11 by guest The Top 10 Manga Moments Of 2022 - Bounding Into ComicsThe ** operator does exponentiation. You can also listen to audio pronunciation to learn how to pronounce kiri in English and how to read it. English words for 人斬り include assassination, murder, killing, slaying, hit, executing, homicide, annihilation, slaughter and carnage. While there is aKIRI viewers were left reeling as the four-part drama drew to a close last night in a very dramatic way. political. grieve aho [·a. This also means that as a person you will constantly change. Access ALL extra downloads, ebooks, and study guides by supporting JLPT Sensei on Patreon. When Black Panther makes a superhero landing, this theory may be a bit out of. Popularity: 19774. Rybas means Focus while Naejot means Forward. 1. inshallah. So, most probably this is not the word that Japanese learners want to know as the translation of “bathroom”. While the victorious player is still considered the winner, the Hara-Kiri serves as a method of the defeated player to be able to end the. Originally created by George R. Government. Setting my feet upon the road. What does Kiri mean? Share. In Game of Thrones Daenerys gives Drogon the command “valahd” when she wants him to fly for the first time. MORE: What Does Lykiri Mean, Aemond’s High Valyrian in House of the Dragon? Shuri's Purple Tracksuit Has Been Teased in Landing Pulse. ( adv) surely; certainly; beyond doubt. Tags. The main. As a result, when. male Na’vi alaksi [a. Behind Info: Kira Nerys is a fictional character on the TV series "Start Trek: Deep Space Nine". hara-kiri: [noun] ritual suicide by disembowelment practiced by the Japanese samurai or formerly decreed by a court in lieu of the death penalty. House Belaerys was one of the forty dragonlord families of Valyria . And, similar to the premise of "Avatar: The Way of Water," Weaver got her start in space. Episode 8 of House of the Dragon was one of the most heartfelt episodes yet because this was the final time we would ever see all members of House Targaryen under one roof in a somewhat peaceful affair. Credit: 20th Century Studios. KIRI Meaning. 1. Kyrie eleison. The STANDS4 Network. 桐ヶ谷 (Kirigaya) means 'valley of paulownias'. there’s some scenes where she just sounds like current Sigourney, not a younger version. “Dohaeras” means “serve. What is denoted by sic is that the word or phrase that. Missandei High Valyrian is the language of the old Valyrian Freehold which was located on the eastern continent of Essos. STARTS WITH Ki-. Finally, Aemond uses the “soves” command. てっきり tekkiri. Much of Essos was once dominated by the Valyrians for thousands of years, stretching from the Free Cities in the west, to Slaver's. Jealous of Grey Worm's language lessons? You're in luck. Parf Edhellen is and has been open source since its inception 12 years ago. Find more Japanese words. Kiri's conception is shrouded in mystery. It is listed outside of the top 1000 names. That mystery is Kiri (Sigourney Weaver), a young Na'vi child who is the. In High. Peterson, who is an American linguist and language creator; he is also referred to as “Hollywood’s go-to language guy,” according to the Los Angeles Times. てっきり tekkiri. Its a little like str applied to a data frame but it tries to show you as much data as possible. As Avatar 2: The Way of Water is close to hitting $2B worldwide, fans are in awe of Kiri’s character development. What does lykiri mean? High Valyrian commands ‘House of the Dragon’ fans should know . resolution noun. Kiri tree, or widely known as Paulownia species, is a flowering plant that is known to be cultivated mainly in eastern Asia. The Greek words for “Lord, have mercy,” are “Kyrie, eleison” that is to say, ‘Lord, soothe me, comfort me, take away my pain, show me your steadfast love. KIRI Meaning. 輝璃 - Kiri -. It is used to ask someone where they are, or to express confusion about someone’s whereabouts. People with name Kiri are usually Judaism by religion. The skin, or husk, of fruit is multi-purposed, giving baby a ripe analogy to look to every day. See examples of HARA-KIRI used in a sentence. n. Kiri is a gender-neutral baby name of Māori origin. It is the only proper language for poetry. far away, at a distance alo [ˈa. We hope this will help you in learning languages. ) "suicide by disembowelment," 1856, from Japanese, literally "belly-cutting," the colloquial word for what is formally called seppuku "cut open the stomach;" from hara "belly" + kiri "to cut. Here are some more examples for companies who have successfully mastered that challenge. The definition of the word Kerikeri most widely known by pākehā (New Zealanders of European descent) is 'dig dig', or 'to keep digging'. While in a Pandoran forest, Neytiri meets a lost Jake Sully, and saves him from a pack of viperwolves. Spider. hara-kiri. It's sure to be something that's addressed in Avatar 3 and beyond, but to delve into just what. suicide or any suicidal action; a self-destructive act. Details Meaning: Sun. Director Miguel Sapochnik was also the guy who helmed “The. ritual suicide by disembowelment with a sword, formerly practiced in Japan by samurai as an honorable alternative to disgrace or execution. This song is credited to lead singer Richard Page, keyboardist Steve George and lyricist John Lang. “Dohaeras” means “serve. Government. Nine syllables, also referred to as ‘’The Nine Hands Seals’’ or ‘’The Nine Cuts’’ are hand positions used in Ninjutsu as a process of ritual and meditation called Kuji Kiri. "What does Kiri mean anyway?" asked Loki curious. In Game of Thrones Daenerys gives Drogon the command “valahd” when she wants him to fly for the first time. Its a little like str applied to a data frame but it tries to show you as much data as possible. Login . どきり dokiri · どっきり dokkiri · ドッキリ dokkiri. Harakiri is a ritual suicide that has been around for almost a thousand years. ” So, what does lykiri mean? We all know that the. a ** b is a raised to the b power. Umbas translates to Wait and Mazis means Come. When Black Panther makes a superhero landing, this theory may be a bit out of. 3 3. JLPT N3 Grammar Master E-book. net dictionary. Linguist David Peterson, who created the languages of 'Game of Thrones,' has translated some basic phrases in High Valyrian. ”. He's, like, in every shot. This belief manifested itself most acutely in the well-known practice of hara-kiri, or seppuku: formal suicide by self. While the victorious player is still considered the winner, the Hara-Kiri serves as a method of the defeated player to be able to end the. grief. However, Aemond whips out some Valyrian commands. harakiri: 1 n ritual suicide by self-disembowelment on a sword; practiced by samurai in the traditional Japanese society Synonyms: hara-kiri , harikari , seppuku Type of: self-annihilation , self-destruction , suicide the act of killing yourselfThe kuji-in (Japanese: 九字印) or jiǔzìyìn (Chinese: 九字印), also known as Nine Hand Seals, is a system of mudras and associated mantras that consist of nine syllables. Title. We begin, as we have a few other times this season, with a wide shot of a ship sailing toward King’s Landing. The child fight scene on House of the Dragon. Kiri is generally used as a girl's name. fog. nakamichi dragon: beauty and the beastReturn to Japanese Traditional Songs Menu This is done when making promises with friends. “National Treasure: Kiri,” a showcase for the great Sarah Lancashire & Lucian Msamati, is a fine tragedy that doesn't revel in misery porn. Origin: Australian. Winter is Coming 1 year What does "Lykiri" mean on House of the Dragon? High Valyrian translated. bokuto: wooden swords used in training. Martin, and in their television adaptation Game of Thrones and later House of the Dragon. It can be used as a variation of “:P”. Now she's returning to Pandora as Kiri, the 14-year. English Translation. R. Our content is doctor approved and evidence based, and our community is moderated, lively, and welcoming. What does KIRI mean as an abbreviation? 2 popular meanings of KIRI abbreviation: 1 Category. (ˈhɑːrəˈkɪəri, ˈhærə-, ˈhæri-) noun. For the TV series, linguist David J. A word can have one or different meanings. People with name Kiri are usually Judaism by religion. What does kiri mean? Information and translations of kiri in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. Omoikiri means Inner Strength/No Hesitation. A phrase of disgust when. 'abdomen/belly cutting', a native Japanese kun reading ), is a form of Japanese ritualistic suicide by disembowelment. What does 思い切り (Omoikiri) mean in Japanese? English Translation. The ya which is 谷 meaning valley. ˈfpawŋ s·i] vin. Not all Na'vi undergo Iknimaya because not all Na'vi are hunters, and additionally, not all Na'vi clans ride banshees as well. Rybas means Focus while Naejot means Forward. Peterson makes the language for the show. Amidst the visual spectacle. net dictionary. (compare Indonesian kiri), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian * (ka-)wiʀi ), from Proto-Austronesian *ka-wiʀi. 1. I mean, he's the teacher's pet. Natively known from Japan and Korea, this tree also grows in many other parts of Asia such as China and Southeast Asia. Cymru Premier manager Gwyn Derfel says the football team is connected to the history and culture of the country. This translation echoes. org. In medieval times, the Kyrie was set as an independent movt. We hope this will help you in learning languages. He issues some more commands and the dragon takes off, as a screaming Aemond struggles to hang on as the dragon ascends into the sky. This sequel marks the final chapter in James Gunn’s beloved trilogy and serves as his last contribution to the Marvel Cinematic Universe. Even after they lost of the dragons. High Valyrian is the language. Seppuku is honorable death or ritualistic suicide by disembowelment that can only be conducted by a samurai. This suspicion reaches a tipping point when Kiri experiences an epileptic-like seizure after she uses her braid to forge a bond with Eywa via the Metkayina spirit tree. My father then worked with some spoiled brat known as the Earl so he could gain more information on Chaos. It is also of Maori origin, where its meaning is "skin of a tree, fruit". Our subreddit is primarily for discussions and memes that an average teenager would enjoy to discuss about. Another command that Aegon uses during face-to-face with Vhagar is lykiri, which translates to “calm. " Sometimes erroneously written hari-kari. The latest episode of House of the Dragon, “Driftmark,” may have been the best yet, but it wasn’t without its controversies. Lykiri! Lykiri!' in High Valyrian. com. Overcoming the inclination to lie begins with making. Dohaeras is used as a command for the dragons and it translated to Serve. 2. What does dame kiri te kanawa mean? Information and translations of dame kiri te kanawa in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. More meanings for kirikiri. 一人ぼっち, 独りぼっち, 一人者, 人懐かしい. Kiri (ಕಿರಿ):— [noun] a lump or knob in a thread formed by passing one free end through a loop and drawing it tight or by a tangle drawn tight; a knot. The skin, or husk, of fruit is multi-purposed, giving baby a ripe analogy to look to every day. She is one of the main characters in Avatar: The Way of Water. Outside of these, this emoji can be used for even. Download all N3 grammar flashcards. These medications don’t have. If that's the case, it'd be "Where are you". g. 桐. ostentatious or ritualized self-destruction: you may wonder why you find this software hard to navigate. ) Though Aegon is arrogant about getting a dragon at birth, he shows. Grace Augustine, but her character was killed. 4 4. disconnect. You don’t just jump on a dragon and proceed to fly like that. When to take pct after anavar, Testosterone propionate and trenbolone acetate cycle – Buy legal anabolic steroidsThanks! Thanks! You're welcome! I was wondering what he said too. For thousands of years, their empire, known as the. ” Aemond prevents Vhagar from breathing fire with this and is able to ride the dragon. When they were attacked by Miles. R. .